Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) inhibits <i>colonoid</i> formation.

<p>Recombinant human Bmp4 (50 and 100 ng/ml) and noggin (100 ng/ml) was added to the colon crypt cultures on Day 0, 2 and 4 and assayed in duplicates. (A) Representative bright field <i>Extended Depth of Field</i> (EDF) images of the cultures on Day 6. (B) The numbers of colonospheres and colonoids were scored on Day 6 and the colony formation efficiencies were determined and tabulated. Error bars and analysis: Mean ± SEM, * p< 0.05, n = 3, scale bar = 100 μm, 2-way ANOVA multiple comparisons, Tukey’s test.