Kinematic, muscle activation, and reserve actuator data for dynamic simulations of the scaled HYOID and MASI models.

<p>All thicker lines represent the scaled HYOID model and all thinner lines represent the MASI model. “L” denotes the lower cervical spine, and “U” denotes the upper cervical spine for both the degrees of freedom and their associated reserve actuators. A negative value for flexion indicates flexion motion or moment, a positive value for lateral indicates right lateral bending, and a positive value in axial indicates left axial rotation.