Continuous exposure to a uniform ELF-EMF activates cell cycle progression without perturbing individual cell cycle stages.

<p>HeLa and IMR-90 cells were exposed to an EMF at 6 mT for 72 h and then subcultured for an additional 96 h under the same ELF-EMF. (A) After continuous exposure, the expression of cell cycle stage markers (CDK, PCNA, and p-H3) was detected by western blotting. Indicated time denotes the total time cells were exposed to ELF-EMFs. β-actin was used as a loading control. (B) Cell cycle distribution of HeLa and IMR-90 cells exposed to an ELF-EMF was determined by flow cytometry using PI staining. For each flow cytometric analysis, 10,000 cells were counted and plotted. (C) From the flow cytometric data obtained from three independent experiments in (B), the average percentage of cells in each stage of the cell cycle was plotted as a bar graph. Values are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3) and P-values were determined by two-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni correction. P > 0.05 was considered statistically not significant (ns).