Effects of betel nut arecoline, but not arecaidine or guvacine, on the different phases of the cell cycle in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

<p>(A) A dose-dependent effect of arecoline on the cell cycle, as examined by flow cytometry, was observed after 24 and 48 h of treatment. (B) An alkaloid-specific effect of betel nut on the cell cycle was observed after 24 and 48 h of 400-μM treatment. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of triplicate determinations. C, control; A, arecoline; AD, arecaidine; G, guvacine. The asterisk indicates the significance of the difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) from the control in a given phase of the cell cycle. In some groups, standard error bars are too small to be seen.