Since their discovery, there has been a long standing debate concerning the origin of cosmic rays, supernova remnants (SNR) being often cited as the best candidate for their acceleration in the Galaxy. After a chapter relating my career path and an introduction to the subject, the following two chapters of this manuscript summarize the gamma-ray observations acquired by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard Fermi and by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) on two different types of supernova remnants: young supernova remnants thought to be the most efficient accelerators and middle-aged remnants that show clear signs of proton acceleration. These chapters demonstrate that SNRs are able to accelerate particles (electrons and proton...