Air bubble entrainment in breaking bores: physical and numerical CFD modelling

A positive surge or bore is an unsteady rapidly-varied open channel flow characterised by a rise in water surface elevation. After formation, the bore is traditionally analysed as a hydraulic jump in translation and its leading edge is characterised by a breaking roller for Fr1 > 1.3-1.5. The roller is a key flow feature characterised by intense turbulence and air bubble entrainment. Herein detailed air-water flow measurements were conducted in breaking bores propagating in a large-size channel. The data showed a relatively steep roller, with a short and dynamic bubbly flow region. The results were used to validate a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of breaking bores. The instantaneous void fraction and bubble distribution data showed systematically a lesser aeration region in the physical model, compared to the numerical data. The differences may be linked to some limitation of the CFD modelling