Photoswitching microscopy with standard fluorophores

van de Linde S, Kasper R, Heilemann M, Sauer M. Photoswitching microscopy with standard fluorophores. APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS. 2008;93(4):725-731.We introduce far-field subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging based on photoswitching of individual standard fluorophores in air-saturated solution. Here, photoswitching microscopy relies on the light-induced switching of organic fluorophores (ATTO 655 and ATTO 680) into long-lived metastable dark states and spontaneous repopulation of the fluorescent state. In the presence of low concentrations (2-10 mM) of reducing, thiol-containing compounds such as beta-mercaptoethylamine or glutathione, the density of fluorescent molecules can be adjusted to enable multiple localizations of individual fluorophores with an experimental accuracy of similar to 20 nm. The method requires wide-field illumination with only a single laser beam for read-out and photoswitching and provides superresolution fluorescence images of intracellular structures under live cell compatible conditions