This thesis deals with three main themes linked to task graph scheduling on modern computing platforms. A graph of tasks is a classical model of a program to be executed, for instance a scientific application. The decomposition of an application into several tasks allows to exploit the potential parallelism of this application without adaptating the program to the computing platform. The graph describes the tasks as well as their dependences, some tasks cannot be initiated before others are completed. The execution of an application is then determined by a schedule of the graph, computed by a dedicated software, which in particular describes which resources should be allocated to each task at which time. The three studied themes are the fol...