International audienceThis paper discusses the results of a palaeobotanical and archaeological analyses carried out in the NorthEastern part of the massif of Cantal in the valley of the Frau. This area is not as well studied as other regions of the Massif Central to which this mountain belongs. The archaeological research conducted in this valley was completed by palaeobotanical analyses performed on a core extracted from the peatbog of the Frau. The results clearly reveal how human populations gradually extended their agro-pastoral activities and in turn modified the environment. Active clearings, especially through fire, were used since the end of the Neolithic period in order to extend agro-pastoral activities. The second transformation ...