Toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in earthworm Eisenia andrei in two agricultural soils with different pH: lethal and reproduction, oxidative stress and coelomocytes assays.

ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are being applied in agricultural formulations, taking advantage of their properties as UV blockers or as fertilizers. It is expected that their application will increase in the future. Despite of the advantages of the use of NPs their release to the environment could impair the different soil living organisms. Therefore, much attention is being paid to the potential risks arising from the use of these materials in agriculture