Analysis of Electrooculogram Elicited by Auditory Stimuli and Its Biomedical Applications

?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? 1: ?????? ??? ??? ?????? human-computer interface (HCI) ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? HCI ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????????, ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ????????????. ????????? ????????? HCI ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? HCI ?????????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????, ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? HCI ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????, ?????? HCI ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????. ??? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????????????. ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????, ??????-?????? ?????? ????????? BCI ????????? ???????????????. ?????? 2: ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????, ??????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???, ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????. ??? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????.Study 1: Development of an electrooculogram-based human-computer interface using involuntary eye movement by spatially rotating sound for communication of locked-in patients Individuals who have lost normal pathways for communication need augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. In this study, we propose a new electrooculogram (EOG)-based human-computer interface (HCI) paradigm for AAC that does not require a user???s voluntary eye movement for binary yes/no communication by patients in locked-in state (LIS). The proposed HCI uses a horizontal EOG elicited by involuntary auditory oculogyric reflex, in response to a rotating sound source. In the proposed HCI paradigm, a user was asked to selectively attend to one of two sound sources rotating in directions opposite to each other, based on the user???s intention. The user???s intentions could then be recognized by quantifying EOGs. To validate its performance, a series of experiments was conducted with ten healthy subjects, and one patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The online experimental results exhibited high-classification accuracies of 94% and 95% in healthy subjects and in the ALS patient, respectively, in cases where decisions were made every six seconds. The ALS patient also participated in a practical yes/no communication experiment with 26 questions with known answers. The patient answered correctly to all the questions, demonstrating that our paradigm could constitute an auxiliary AAC system for some LIS patients. Study 2: New method for pure tone audiometry using electrooculogram ??? a proof-of-concept study Hearing, as an important factor in our life, empowers us to communicate, socialize, work, learn and even rest, and helps to keep us safe without maintaining continuous awareness. Thus, evaluating individual???s hearing ability plays a critical role in guiding appropriate treatments for not only providing aural rehabilitation strategies but also regaining maximum functioning in overall quality of life. However, contemporary hearing assessment systems do not satisfy the following criteria: an objective and valid assessment tool with a simple, quick, and non-invasive procedure. In this paper, we suggest a novel algorithm for pure-tone audiometry, which screens an individual???s physiological and psychological responses more objectively and quantitatively based on eye movements in response to given spatially moving pure-tone stimuli sound stimuli at specific frequencies and intensity. Results have been demonstrated its feasibility in comparison with results of conventional PTA test, and this work should be considered as an initial proof-of-concept study.Maste