Werner Villinger and National Socialist medical crimes

Schmuhl H-W. Zwischen vorauseilendem Gehorsam und halbherziger Verweigerung. Werner Villinger und die nationalsozialistischen Medizinverbrechen. Der Nervenarzt. 2002;73(11):1058-1063.The biography of the psychiatrist and neurologist Werner Villinger reflects the ambivalence of the history of German psychiatry during the first half of the twentieth century. Politically committed to the national conservatives, he was attracted by many elements of National Socialist (Nazi) ideology. Still, he joined the party rather late and reluctantly. Villinger was a eugenist by firm conviction. While he still argued against hasty legal regulation of eugenic sterilisations in the Weimar Republic, he strongly moved for translating the law on preventing hereditarily ill progeny into reality in the institution of von Bodelschwingh in Bethel. Since 1941, Villinger, who had become a professor for psychiatry and neurology in Breslau in the meantime, acted as an expert in the framework of the National Socialist 'euthanasia' programme. At the same time, however, he supported the quiet diplomacy of Rev. von Bodelschwingh in his attempt to terminate the mass murder. Villinger was also involved in criminal experiments with human beings. After 1945, he successfully continued his career in the Federal Republic of Germany. He never confronted his past during the Third Reich