The effect of types of information presentation on the flow and the instructional efficiency in multimedia learning

??? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????? ???????????? ????????? 52????????????, ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????(?????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????, ???????????????, ????????????, ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????, ???????????????, ?????? ????????????, ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????). ????????? ?????? ??? ??????, ????????????, ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????????. ??????????????? ????????? '???????????????+?????? ????????????' ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? '???????????????+?????? ????????????+?????? ??????' ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the types of information presentation providedafter the pre-training on flow and instructional efficiency. Participants were 52 middle school students andthey were divided into four groups and each group was provided different types of information presentationas follows after the pre-training: the animation with narration type, the animation with concise narrationtype, the animation, narration, with concise text type, the animation concise narration, with key word type.After e-learning, flow and instructional efficiency were analyzed using covariance. The results of this studyare as follows: the flow and instructional efficiency of the animation with concise narration presented groupwas the highest and the animation, concise, with key word presented group was effective as well. Throughthis result, the presentation of concise contents or key words next to the relevant information can improvelearning performance in multimedia learning by utilizing pre-training