A simultaneous topology and shape optimization scheme

The purpose of this study is to develop a simultaneous topology and shape optimization method based on the artificial beecolony algorithm (ABCA). During the optimization process, holes in structure are naturally created from topologyoptimization based on the ABCA, one of stochastic methods and the refined shape is obtained from shape optimization basedon the ABCA using boundary parameterization. Finally, this method can provide an optimized shape considering the effectsof shape and topology optimization simultaneously. To examine performance of the proposed scheme, the optimized shapes ofexamples are compared with those of the level set method (LSM). From the results, it can be concluded that the proposedscheme is a competitive algorithm with the LS