An investigation into the homogeneity of microstructure, strain pattern and hardness of pure aluminum processed by accumulative back extrusion

The present work focuses on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical characteristics of commercially pure aluminum during accumulative back extrusion (ABE) processing. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis and microhardness measurements were utilized to study the effect of pass number and deformation route on the microstructure and hardness across the ABE-processed specimens. The distributions of effective strain and shear stress during ABE were studied using finite element analysis with DEFORM (TM) 3D software. The results demonstrated that an effective plastic strain of about 2 was introduced after each separate pass of ABE. This process produced a high-strength ultrafine-grained material where the grain refinement was attributed to the shearing and/or mechanical subdivision of the initial coarse grains along with dynamic restoration processes. The distributions of both the simulated strain and the measured microhardness were inhomogeneous after the first ABE pass, but thereafter outstanding hardness homogeneity was achieved when the consecutive ABE passes were applied. Moreover, the application of the reversing route was found to introduce a high level of hardness homogeneity after each applied ABE pass. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? (ABE) ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ?????? ?????? (EBSD) ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ABE-???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????????. ABE ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? @??? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? TM 3D ?????????????????? ???????????????. ??? 2??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ABE??? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ??? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? / ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ABE ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????, ????????? ????????? ABE ????????? ??????????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ABE ????????? ????????????