Expression Pattern of Entire Cytochrome P450 Genes and Response of Defensomes in the Benzo[a]pyrene-Exposed Monogonont Rotifer Brachionus koreanus

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) proteins are involved in the first line of detoxification mechanism against diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). In aquatic invertebrates, there is still a lack of knowledge on the CYP genes involved in the molecular response to B[a]P exposure due to limited gene information. In this study, we cloned the entire 25 CYP genes in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus with the aid of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and analyzed their transcript profiles with a real-time RT-PCR array to better understand B[a]P-triggered molecular response over different time courses. As a result, B[a]P exposure induced CYP2/3-involved detoxification mechanisms and defensome, including phase II detoxification and antioxidant systems with a modulation of the chaperone heat shock protein (hsp) expression but did not change expression of other CYP clans in B. koreanus. Therefore, we found that B[a]P induced a strong detoxification mechanism to overcome detrimental effects of B[a]P associated with B[a]P-induced growth retardation as a trade-off in fitness costs. Also, this approach revealed that the entire CYP profiling can be a way of providing a better understanding on the mode of action of B[a]P in B. koreanus with respect to molecular defense metabolism.We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive and valuable comments on the manuscript and also thank Prof. Kevin Chipman (University of Birmingham, U.K.) and Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for their critical comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2012R1A1A2001636) funded to Jae-Sung Rhee. Also, this study was supported by a grant (PM 57431) funded to Jae-Seong Lee from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries