Foucault’s Analysis of Governmentality

‘???????????? ???’??? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ‘?????????(governmentality)’ ????????? ???????????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ??????????, ??????, ????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????????. ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ‘????????? ??????’ ??? ‘????????? ?????????’????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???????????? ????????? 17, 18????????? ????????????(state reason)??? 19????????? ???????????? ?????????(liberal governmentality)??? ????????????, ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ????????? ‘????????? ?????????’??? ‘?????? ????????? ??????’??? ????????? ???????????????, ???????????? ???????????? ‘????????? ?????????’????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????-???????????? ?????? ???????????????. ???, ???????????? ????????? ??????-??????-??????-???????????? ???????????? ?????????-????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????????. ‘??????’??? ‘??????’ ?????? ????????????-?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????????. ????????? ????????? ????????? 20?????? ????????? ????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ‘????????? ??????????????? ??????’????????? ????????? ????????? ‘?????? ??????????????????’ ??? ‘????????????’????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? (???????????????) ????????? ??????-????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????. ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ‘????????? ??????’(the conduct of conduct, ????????? ????????????)?????? ????????? ??? ??????. ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????????. The concept of the governmentality has played a central role in the discourse on ‘the political’. Foucault’s works <Security, Territory and Population> and <the Birth of the Bio-politics> have become the common ground of the approach to ‘the governmentality’. Foucault investigates the genealogy of the governmentality in the light of the technology of power and the political rationality. Foucault introduces a differentiation between modern ‘state reason’ of 17C and ‘liberal governmentality’ of 19C. The modern state reason had focused on the perfection of the sovereignty and strengthening the state itself, whereas the liberal governmentality on the effectiveness of government and managing the social relations with their own regularities. Liberal government was concerned mainly with the natural process of population, market, social liberties and security. Especially the relation between social liberties and the provision of security had played great role in the governmental practice. Liberalism as art of government can not do without the natural circulation of liberty and security. Following Foucault’s analysis Ordo-liberalism in Germany and Neoliberalism in America have achieved the effective and successful form of political rationality. They have introduced the new strategy of the ‘liberal intervention of state’ and the new concept of ‘homo economicus’ and ‘human capital’, with that the natural circulation of things and men as population can be well conducted. Foucault defines government in that means as “the conduct of conduct”. In his genealogical analysis Foucault doesn't deny the ascendancy of neoliberal governmental rationalities. This makes the resistance to the neoliberal governmentality more skeptical and necessary.??? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????(HY-2015??????)