SME internationalization beyond exporting: a knowledge-based perspective across managers and advisers

Micromultinationals are small and medium-sized enterprises that engage in foreign market entry modes beyond exporting. The purpose of this study is to unveil the knowledge types required by micromultinationals. To this end, we conducted an interpretive interview study involving managers and advisers. We extend the SME internationalization literature by distilling the knowledge types that this unique body of small multinationals requires. Furthermore, we generate a framework that enhances the knowledge-based perspective by showing that micromultinational expansion is led by tacitly dominated knowledge of internal actors related to products, industries, and markets and facilitated by functional knowledge provided by external actors