The legal position of a limited partner

Komanditna družba je osebna družba, v kateri se združujeta dve vrsti družbenikov, pri kateri ima vsak od njiju različni vlogi. Po temeljni zasnovi je upravljanje družbe v rokah komplementarjev, kapital pa družbi zagotavljajo komanditisti. Komplementarji so za obveznosti družbe osebno in neomejeno odgovorni, komanditisti pa praviloma za obveznosti družbe ne odgovarjajo. Za urejanje notranjih pravnih razmerij med družbeniki velja načelo pogodbene svobode, tako da lahko ta razmerja uredijo družbeniki z družbeno pogodbo drugače, kot jih ureja zakon. Nasprotno pa pri pravnih razmerij družbenikov do tretjih velja kogentna pravna ureditev, predvsem zato, da se varujejo interesi upnikov in varnosti pravnega prometa. Diplomsko delo sistematično obravnava pravni položaj komanditista, vključno z njegovimi specifikami, ob tem pa ga tudi primerja s pravnim položajem komplementarja. V uvodu je predstavljena zgodovina komanditne družbe, ki sega v čas srednjega veka, in njen razvoj do današnjega časa. Sledi obravnava nomotehnične ureditve pravnega položaja komanditista, ki se razlikuje od nomotehnične ureditve pravnega položaja komplementarja, saj se zanj uporabljajo določbe, ki veljajo za položaj družbenika v d.n.o. Pravni položaj komanditista je izrecno urejen v poglavju o k.d. V nadaljevanju je predstavljena ustanovitev same k.d. in njeno preoblikovanje, do katerega pride v primeru sprememb personalnega substrata družbe. Osrednji del diplomskega dela predstavlja analiza posebnosti pravnega položaja komanditista v luči zakonskih določb ZGD-1 v poglavju o k.d. Analiza je razdeljena na dva dela, in sicer na analizo posebnosti pravnega položaja komanditista v notranjih pravnih razmerjih s komplementarjem in na analizo posebnosti v zunanjih pravnih razmerjih komanditista do tretjih oseb. Posamezni instituti so predstavljeni in primerjani z nemškim pravnim redom, saj je temeljna zasnova k.d. prevzeta iz nemškega prava, če izvzamemo ureditev o pravni osebnosti družbe in izključitvi komanditista iz vodenja družbe.A limited partnership is a type of unlimited company, in which two types of partners are joined, each of them having a different role. On the fundamental concept, managing a partnership is entrusted to general partners, while the capital is provided by limited partners. General partners are liable for a partnership’s obligations personally and with all their assets. In most cases limited partners are not liable for partnership’s obligations. For regulating internal legal relations between partners, there is a principle of a contractual freedom, which means that these relations can be regulated by partners with a partnership agreement differently than is prescribed by law. However, for legal relations between partners and third parties a peremptory norm is valid, mostly to protect the interests of creditors and the safety of legal transactions. My thesis systematically deals with the legal position of a limited partner, including its specifics, while at the same time comparing it with the legal position of a general partner. In the introduction, the history of a limited partnership is presented, which dates back to the middle ages, following the development of a limited partnership up to the present day. This is followed by handling a nomotechnical regulation of a limited partner’s legal position which differs from a nomotechnical regulation of a general partner’s legal position. As we know, for a general partner’s legal position there are provisions which are valid for the position of a partnership’s partner. The legal position of a limited partner is specifically dealt with in the chapter about limited partnership. This is continued by the presentation of the founding of a limited partnership itself and its transformation, which is possible in case of the changes of partners. In the main part of my thesis, an analysis of the specifics of a limited partner’s legal position in the light of statutory provisions ZGD-1, chapter about limited partnership, is presented. The analysis is divided into two parts, namely the analysis of a limited partner’s legal position in internal legal relations with a general partner, and the analysis of the specifics in a limited partner’s external legal relations towards third parties. Individual institutes are presented and compared to the German legal system, because the fundamental concept of a limited partnership originates in German law, excluding the regulation of a company’s legal entity and the regulation of the exclusion of a limited partner from partnership’s management