Criminal law protection against damage and destruction of real estate

Uvodna poglavja diplomskega dela opredeljujejo osnovne pojme stvarnega prava, ki predstavljajo objekt kazenskopravnega varstva v okviru obravnavanih kaznivih dejanj. Najprej je podana stvarnopravna definicija pojma nepremičnina, ki ji kazensko pravo nudi svoje varstvo pred poškodovanjem in uničenjem. Po naravi stvari nepremičnine predstavljajo zemljišča in vse, kar je z njimi organsko in trajno spojeno na način, da premik z enega na drugo mesto ni možen ali pa je možen le z bistvenim posegom v njeno substanco. Sledi predstavitev dogmatike splošnega pojma kaznivega dejanja, ki je temeljno izhodišče za razumevanje analiziranih kaznivih dejanj. Kazenskopravno varstvo pred poškodovanjem in uničenjem nepremičnine je predmet te diplomske naloge, pri čemer med kazniva dejanja, ki imajo za posledico poškodovanje ali uničenje nepremičnine, uvrščamo: kaznivo dejanje poškodovanja tuje stvari po 220. členu KZ-1, kaznivo dejanje požiga po 222. členu KZ-1 ter kaznivo dejanje poškodovanja ali uničenja stvari, ki so posebnega kulturnega pomena ali naravne vrednote po 219. členu KZ-1. Analizirana kazniva dejanja sistematično uvrščamo v posebni del kazenskega zakonika z naslovom Kazniva dejanja zoper premoženje. Torej je kazenskopravna dobrina, v okviru katere varujemo tudi nepremičnine, premoženje. Kazenskopravno normo vsakega posameznega kaznivega dejanja sem podrobno analizirala z vidika objekta varstva, izvršitvenega ravnanja, storilca, protipravnosti in krivde. Po pregledu sodne prakse v zvezi z analiziranimi kaznivimi dejanji sem ugotovila, da je ni veliko, predvsem pa izpostavlja problematiko razumevanja objektov varstva pri kaznivemu dejanju požiga po 222. členu KZ-1, ki je specialnejše v primerjavi s kaznivim dejanjem poškodovanja tuje stvari po 220. členu KZ-1. Prav tako je kaznivo dejanje poškodovanja ali uničenja stvari, ki so posebnega kulturnega, naravnega pomena ali naravne vrednote po 219. členu KZ-1 specialnejše v primerjavi s kaznivim dejanjem poškodovanja tuje stvari po 220. členu KZ-1, pri čemer pa sodne prakse, ki bi utemeljevala uporabo 219. člena KZ-1, skoraj ni. Glavni del diplomskega dela zajema teoretično analizo kaznivih dejanj, ki imajo za posledico poškodovanje in uničenje nepremičnine, prav tako sem se dotaknila nekaterih institutov splošnega dela kazenskega prava, kot so ravnanje, bit inkriminacije, protipravnost, krivda, poskus in instituta hujše posledice, pri čemer pa instituta hujše posledice zakonodajalec ne uporablja v zvezi z analiziranimi kaznivimi dejanji.Introductory chapters of diploma thesis are defining the basic concepts of real law, therefore are also introducing objects of criminal defense in the relation of the criminal offence. Up front is given real law definition of term real estate, thereupon on the grounds of criminal law is also secured in case of casualty and destruction. Frequently real estates are depicting land and all that is organically and permanently merged in manner, where shift from one place to another is incapable, or is it available exclusively with fundamental encroachment in its matter. Coming next is dogmatic representation of elemental term of criminal offence that is also basic source for understanding analyzed criminal act. Secured criminal law in case of casualty and destruction of real estate is central matter of this diploma thesis, where criminal act has a consequence of casualty and destruction of real estate we incorporate it in: criminal act of damaging foreign matter in article 220. KZ-1, criminal act of fire setting of article 222. KZ-1 and criminal act of casualty or destruction of matter that are specialized in cultural essential meaning or imperative value after article 219. KZ-1. Analyzed criminal act are systematically incorporated in special section of criminal code with title Punitive activities against property. Within criminal law asset we secure real estate and capital. Every individual criminal law norm of every singular person criminal act I precisely analyzed from angles of objective security, executing act, illegality and guilt. After examining law cases in relation of analyzing criminal acts, I concluded that there is not many exposed problematics of understanding objects of security in criminal act of fire setting in article of 222. KZ-1, therefore is rather more special that criminal act of damaging a foreign matter in article 220. KZ-1. Furthermore act of casualty or destruction of matter that are special cultural essential meaning or imperative value after article 219. KZ-1 is more distinctive that criminal act of damaging foreign matter in article 220. KZ-1. Additionally there is no law cases that would justify the usage of 219. KZ-1. The main subject of diploma thesis includes theoretical analyze of criminal act, that has a consequence of casualty and destruction of real estate, moreover I examined some more institutes of criminal law like treatment, being incremented, illegality, guilt, attempt and institute of heavy consequences. In addition of institute of heavier consequences the legislator does not use it in relation with analyzed criminal acts