Life Style Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction and the Drugs That are Commonly Used to Prevent Myocardial Infarction

This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) in East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.The tem1 "myocardial infarction" focuses on the myocardium (the heart muscle) and the changes that occur in it due to the sudden deprivation of circulating blood. The main change is necrosis (death) of myocardial tissue. Myocardial infarction is the commonest cause of heart disease and the most important single cause of death in world wide. Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and also emerging as a major health proble~ in developing countries like Bangladesh. The goals of pharmacotherapy for myocardial infarction are to reduce morbidity and to prevent complications after having MI. To find out the relationship between life style risk factors of myocardial infarction and the drugs that are commonly used for myocardial infarction, a study was performed in the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Hospital (NICVD). The data were collected from patients of both sexes having MI. Duration of the study was from February 2008 to June 2009. Patient's personal and medical history such as blood pressure and diagnosis profile were also collected. All the patients were treated with the appropriate medicines. The patients were interviewed by asking question in Bengali, using a thoroughly pre tested questionnaires about the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of MI. The results of the study showed that patients of age ranged from 56 to 60 years were more prevalent to MI. Among 60 MI patients, 88% were male and 12% were female. The results showed that 92% patients were married, 37% were not educated, and 13% were unemployed. About 25% patients were service holder, 18% were businessman and 12% were housewives. There were MI patients who suffered from other diseases such as Diabetes mellitus (DM) (12%); hypertension (11 %); both asthma and Parkinson (8%); DM and hypertension (5%); both asthma & hypertension (5%); both DM & hypertension (8%). \'1ajority of the patients received Atorvastatin (71 %), Clopidogrel (70%), Omeprazole (58%), Nitroglycerin spray (51 %), Oxygen inhaler (38%), Diazepam (41 %), Isosorbide mononitrate (25%), Beta-adrenergic blocking agent (25%), H2-blocking agent (13%), Trimetazidine Hydrochloride (5%), Losardil (1%), Atorpin injection (1%), Cephalosporin (5%), Cephradin (3%)., Cardinex injection (10%), Captopril (15%), Acetaminophen (13%) for the control and prevention ofM!. According to the result, majority of the MI patients used atorvastatin and Clopidogrel for the prevention of MI. Atorvastatin was used for lowering blood cholesterol. It also stabilizes plaque and prevents strokes through anti-inflammatory and other mechanisms. Clopidogrel is an oral antiplatelet agent (thienopyridine class) to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The findings of the study suggest that the treatment with proper medicaments may be beneficial for the prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with other risk factors. The life style risk factors may have some important role to prevent MI