Prevalence of Hypertension as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Man, Women and Transgender Population

This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Pharmacy (M.Pharm) in East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.The study was conducted to see that how the prevalence of hypertension as risk factor of cardiovascular disease among man, women and transgender population differs or to see whether it differs or not. To conduct this survey study WHO steps protocol was followed, where demographic data, behavioral data, physical measurements of 100 male, 100 female and 100 transgender were collected by means of a standardized questionnaire. Family history of hypertension was highest in female (72%) and lowest in transgender (7%) and in between were male (68%). Female were also highest (66%) in daily intake of fruits and vegetables, male were second highest (34%) and transgender were lowest (17%). Presence of DM was highest in male (13%), in female it was less than half compare to male (6%) and DM was absent in transgender. Obesity was absent in transgender but was present in male (29%) and female (10%). Finally, Prevalence of hypertension was highest in male (36% hypertension and 26% prehypertension) and lowest in transgender (12% hypertension and 11% prehypertension) population and in between were women (12% hypertension and 19% prehypertension). But presence of hypotension was highest among transgender (34%) and lowest in male (0%) and women (15%) were in between. Although transgender were highest in smoking habit (56%), salt intake (56%) and mid-level physical activity (90%) which should keep them theoretically in the highest or at least not in the lowest position for presence of hypertension or neither highest in the presence of hypotension. But may be high amount of estrogen is produced or metabolism rate of estrogen is very low in transgender, which makes them more prone to hypotension and making them on highest prevalence of hypotension. It’s a hypothesis, more clinical data and blood sample of transgender needed to be sure of this hypothesis