Impact of health education on changes in lifestyle by patients with acute myocardial infarction

Uvod: Akutni miokardni infarkt sodi med ishemične bolezni srca in je eden izmed najpogostejših vzrokov za smrt v razvitih državah. Sistematična in načrtovana zdravstvena vzgoja, s strani medicinske sestre, ima pomembno vlogo pri preprečevanju ponovnih srčnih dogodkov. Z njo medicinska sestra skuša doseči, da pacienti izboljšajo kondicijo srčno-žilnega sistema, preprečujejo zaplete in simptome ter zmanjšujejo psihološke posledice. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature, predstaviti vpliv zdravstvene vzgoje na spremembo življenjskega sloga pri pacientih, ki so preboleli akutni miokardni infarkt. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela. Pri pregledu literature smo preučili izbrano strokovno in znanstveno literaturo s področja kardiologije, zdravstvene vzgoje in sekundarne preventive. Literaturo smo iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih baz: CINAHL, Medline, PubMed in ScienceDirect. V pregled smo vključili literaturo iz obdobja od januarja 2007 do januarja 2018. Rezultati: V kvalitativno analizo je bilo vključenih devet raziskav. Ugotovili smo, da z zdravstveno vzgojo vplivamo na spremembe v življenjskem slogu pacienta. Zdravstvena vzgoja mora biti dobro načrtovana, s primerno vsebino in izvedena s primernimi metodami in učnimi pripomočki. Dlje trajajoči rehabilitacijski programi/zdravstvena vzgoja je pomenila boljše rezultate pri dosegu ciljev pacientov. Razprava in sklep: Rezultati raziskav so pokazali pozitivne učinke na vedenje in spremembe v življenjskem slogu pri pacientih, ki so bili vključeni v proces zdravstvene vzgoje. Zdravstvena vzgoja mora biti prilagojena posamezniku. Pri pacientih so se najprej pokazale spremembe v povečani telesni dejavnosti in opustitvi kajenja, manj pa glede zdrave in uravnotežene prehrane.Introduction: The acute myocardial infarction is one of the ischemic heart diseases and is one of the most common causes of death in developed countries. An important role in preventing recurrent cardiac events plays the nurse with a systematic and planned health education. The nurse uses it to try to improve the condition of the cardiovascular system, prevent complications and symptoms, and reduce the psychological consequences. Aim: The purpose of the diploma work is to present, on the basis of literature review, the impact of health education on lifestyle changes in patients who have suffered acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A descriptive method of work was used. A descriptive method of work was used. In the literature review, we examined selected professional and scientific literature in the field of cardiology, health education and secondary prevention. The literature was searched using the following databases: CINAHL, Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect. We have included literature for the period from January 2007 to January 2018. Results: Nine studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Long-term rehabilitation programs or health education provided better results in reaching patients\u27 goals. Health education must be well planned, with appropriate content and carried out with suitable teaching aids. Long-term rehabilitation programs / health education provided better results in reaching patients\u27 goals. Discussion and conclusion: The results show positive effects on behavior and lifestyle changes in patients after receiving health education. Health education should be tailored to the individual`s needs. In patients, first appeared changes in increased physical activity and smoking cessation