Pengaruh kombinasi 2,4 D (2,4 Dichloropenoxyacetic acid) dan kinetin terhadap induksi kalus nilam Aceh varietas sidikalang (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) melalui teknik in vitro

INDONESIA: Nilam Aceh (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) merupakan bahan baku yang penting dalam industri wewangian dan kosmetik. Tanaman nilam dapat menghasilkan minyak atsiri berupa Pachouli oil yang dapat memfiksasi parfum agar wanginya dapat bertahan lama. Produksi Pachouli oil dapat dihasilkan melalui teknik kultur jaringan dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh 2,4-D dan Kinetin guna meningkatkan produksi kalus dan dapat dijadikan acuan konsentrasi yang paling optimal dalam menumbuhkan kalus nilam Aceh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh 2,4-D dan Kinetin dan kombinasinya terhadap induksi kalus nilam Aceh secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 25 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini ada dua faktor yaitu: konsentrasi 2,4-D meliputi 0 mg/L, 0,5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 1,5 mg/L dan 2 mg/L dan konsentrasi kinetin meliputi 0 mg/L, 0,25 mg/L, 0,5 mg/L, 0,75 mg/L dan 1mg/L. Data dianalisis dengan Uji ANAVA Two Way α = 5%. Apabila terdapat perbedaan signifikan maka dilanjutkan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan taraf siginifikansi 5% dan dilakukan uji regresi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh konsentrasi 2,4-D, kinetin serta kombinasi 2,4-D dan kinetin terhadap induksi kalus nilam aceh. Konsentrasi 2,4-D yang paling efektif untuk variabel hari muncul kalus dan berat kalus pada perlakuan 2,4-D yaitu 1 mg/L yang menginduksi kalus selama 14 HST dengan persentase tumbuh kalus 21% dan berat kalus 0,13 gr. Konsentrasi kinetin yang paling efektif untuk pertumbuhan kalus adalah konsentrasi 0,5 mg/L dengan hasil persentase tumbuh kalus 20% dan berat 0,11g. Sedangkan pada kombinasi 2,4-D dan kinetin yang paling efektif untuk variabel persentase dan berat kalus adalah konsentrasi 1 mg/L 2,4D dan 1 mg/L kinetin dengan persentase tumbuh kalus 45% dan berat kalus 0,3567 gr. Warna rata-rata keseluruhan kalus yang dihasilkan adalah kuning kecoklatan dengan tekstur kompak. ENGLISH: Aceh Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is an important raw material in the fragrance and cosmetics industry. Patchouli plants produce essential oil in the form of Patchouli oil, that is widely harnessed to fix the perfume, thus the fragrance lasts long. Currently, the need for Patchouli oil continues to increase in line with the increasing consumption of perfume products, soaps, cosmetic ingredients and etcetera. Production of Patchouli oil is obtained through tissue culture techniques with the addition of growth regulator such as 2.4-D and Kinetin. The addition of growth regulator chemical has the purpose to increase the production of the callus. Furthermore, addition of 2,4-D and Kinetin is used as the most optimal concentration reference in growing the callus of Aceh Patchouli. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 2,4-D and Kinetin and its combination on the induction of the callus of Aceh Patchouli in vitro. This study was experimental research which was designed with a complete randomized design (RAL) with 25 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were two factors: 2.4-D concentration of 0 mg / L, 0.5 mg / L, 1 mg / L, 1.5 mg / L and 2 mg / L and kinetin concentration of 0 mg / L, 0.25 mg / L, 0.5 mg / L, 0.75 mg / L and 1mg / L. Data were analyzed with Two Ways ANAVA Test withα = 5%. If significant difference occurred the test is continued further with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with significance level of 5%, subsequently regression test is conducted. The results of the study showed that there is an effect of the concentration of 2.4-D, kinetin and the combination of 2,4-D and kinetin on the induction of the callus of Aceh Patchouli. The most effective concentration of 2,4-D for the variable of callus occurrence and callus weight was on the treatment of 2.4-D with the concentration of 1.4 mg / L. This treatment induced callus after 14 days after planting with the percentage of the growth of the callus is 21% and the weight of the callus is 0.13 gr. Moreover, the most effective concentration of kinetin for callus growth is at concentration of 0.75 mg / L with the resulted growth rate of the callus is 20% and the weight of the callus is 0.11 gr. In addition, the most effective combination of 2,4-D and kinetin for the variable of percentage occurrence of the callus and the weight of the callus was D1K1. This treatment depicted that the percentage of the callus that occurred is 45% and the weight of the callus is 0.3567 gr. Furthermore, the overall average color of the resulting callus is brownish yellow with a compact texture