Towards Long-Range Backscatter Communication with Tunnel Diode Reflection Amplifiers

Backscatter communication enables wireless communication at a power consumption orders of magnitude lower than conventional wireless communication. Instead of generating new RF-signals backscatter communication leverages ambient signals, such as WiFi-, Bluetooth- or TV-signals, and reflects them by changing the impedance of the antenna. Backscatter communication is known as a short-range communication technique achieving ranges in the order of meters. To improve the communication range, we explore the use of a tunnel diode as an amplifier of the backscattered RF-signal. We developed the amplifier on a PCB-board together with a matching network tuned to give maximum gain at 868 MHz. Our work demonstrates that the 1N3712 tunnel diode can achieve gains up to 35 dB compared to a tag without amplification while having a peak power consumption of 48 μW. With this amplifier the communication distance can be increased by up to two orders of magnitude