Analysis of Most Common Local Anesthesia Complications during Non Surgical Tooth Extraction

Relevance of the Problem: Local anesthesia before non surgical tooth extraction is a common procedure, however local anesthetics are often considered just another substance required for the procedure, rather than actual medicine. Odontologists apply local anesthesia in their daily practice but research shows that majority of them do not know what is safe amount or how to use local anesthesia safely. Regional and/or infiltrative anesthesia is used for non surgical tooth extraction. Most often local anesthesia complications can occur during or after injections. It is vital for dental practitioner to recognize possible complications, be aware of how to avoid them or what steps to take should they develop. The main goal of this thesis is to analyse local anesthesia complications that occur during or after non surgical tooth extraction, present the main causes and ways to avoid them. Matterials and Methods: the research has been carried out using Lithuanian University of Health Sciences subscription account in the following scientific databases: Pubmed, Science Direct as well as Lithuanian virtual library database as well as Google Scholar search engine. Only the articles that fell into the time frame of 10 years between 2008 and 2018 were selected. Results: It has been established that non surgical tooth extraction local anesthesia complications rate varies between 0.00000714285% and 64.5%. Conclusion: The most commonly described local complications of local anesthesia during tooth extraction procedure are post injection pain, insuficient effect of anesthesia, needle breakage, nerve laceration, hematoma, trismus and infection. Systemic complications include allergy, syncope, arrhythmia and paresthesia. The most common complication in clinical practice is syncope. Causes of local anesthesia complications can be devided into related and not related to anesthesia providing specialist. The risk of local anesthesia complications is reduced when local anesthesia specialist uses appropriate instruments, is aware of maximum and recommended local anesthetic doses, considers the need of vasoconstrictors, thoroughly examines tha patient and takes into consideration unique anatomy of each patient before the procedure