Founded in 1947 by a group of entrepreneurial photographers, Magnum Photos, a mythic institution in the world of photography, is more than a cooperative. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, it remained a prestigious model for the whole profession, claiming its excellence and promoting a canon of exceptional images. More than a mere agency, may Magnum be seen as an academy, a prestigious institution whose access is controlled by peers? The concept of an “academy” brings together the economic evolution of a business, the analysis of the pictures produced, the account of numerous debates amongst photographers, and the story of their collective dreams.This dissertation offers to retrace Magnum’s history, based on the study of unpubl...