International audienceUrinalysis, or uroscopy, that is to say the art of diagnosing based on the examination of a patient’s urines, was a dominating branch of medical semiology in the XIIIth century. Richard de Fournival (†1260) is supposed to have given to a surgeon named « Helye » a treatise on urines in french written maybe by Richard himself, and as a matter of fact, his Biblionomia provides a list of titles of treatises on urines. This paper reconsiders first the role played by the science of urine in medicine at the time of Richard ; then, it reflects on the possibility of identifying some items listed in the Biblionomia with some manuscripts currently kept in different libraries, especially the Bibliothèque nationale de FranceOn sa...