E-skills and digitalization in Slovenia and Montenegro

Vse države po svetu so vedno bolj izpostavljene globalni konkurenci. Glavni način za pridobivanje konkurenčne prednosti je tudi elektronsko poslovanje. Hiter tehnološki napredek in sprejemanje moderne ter neprestano napredujoče informacijsko-telekomunikacijske infrastrukture predstavljajo izjemne možnosti za elektronsko poslovanje. Elektronsko poslovanje je produkt nove ekonomije, saj ga odlikujeta izrazita prodornost in razpršenost. Zato elektronsko poslovanje zavzema vse pomembnejše mesto v globalnih ekonomskih premikih. Namen naloge je najprej teoretično opredeliti pojem elektronskega poslovanja, pogledati njegovo zgodovino ter analizirati elektronsko poslovanje v Sloveniji in Črni gori. Tako za slovensko gospodarstvo kot tudi za gospodarstvo v Črni gori je pomembno čim hitrejše uvajanje novih načinov poslovanja. Na podlagi rezultatov analiz je vidno spreminjanje iz leta v leto. V obeh državah se veča tako delež ljudi, ki uporablja internet, kot tudi delež podjetij, ki spletno poslujejo. Delež podjetij s spletno prodajo v Sloveniji je bil leta 2014 17 %. Delež podjetij, ki so oglaševala preko interneta, pa je bil v letu 2015 že 23 %. Spletna trgovina je v Črni gori razvrščena kot prodajalna na drobno in je v isti kategoriji kot trgovina na drobno po pošti. Preko spleta je preteklo leto v Črni gori nakup opravilo 26 % ljudi, medtem ko v Slovenji že več kot 50 %. V obeh državah je potrebno razviti okolja, v katerih se bo lahko hitro sprejemal razvoj tehnologije ter se posledično vpletati v svetovno gospodarstvo. S tem se ohranja konkurenčnost teh organizacij. E-poslovanje v podjetjih vnaša najbolj izrazite spremembe na področju prodaje in trženja. Vse več podjetij, tako v Sloveniji kot v Črni gori, se zaveda pomembnosti e-poslovanja pri ohranjanju konkurenčnosti na globalnih trgih.More and more countries in the world are exposed to global competition. The main way of gaining a competitive advantage is also electronic commerce. Rapid technological progress and accepting modern and constantly advancing information and telecommunication infrastructure, presents great possibilities for electronic commerce. Electronic commerce is a product of a new economy, which is distinguished by pervasiveness and dispersion. That is why electronic commerce is occupying an increasingly important place in global economic movements. The purpose of this thesis is to theoretically define the concept of electronic commerce, look at its history and to analyse electronic commerce in Slovenia and Montenegro. It is important for the Slovenian economy, as well as for the economy in Montenegro, to accelerate the introduction of new business methods. Based on the analysis results, the changes from year to year are visible. In both countries, the proportion of people using the Internet and the share of online businesses is growing. The percentage of companies with online sales in Slovenia was 17% in 2014. The share of companies that advertised on the Internet was already 23% in 2015. In Montenegro, the online store is classified as a retail store and is in the same category as retail by post. Last year, 26% of people in Montenegro were purchasing online over the internet, while the percentage in Slovenia is more than 50%. In both countries, it is necessary to develop environments in which the development of technology can rapidly be accepted and, consequently, be integrated into the global economy. This ensures the competitiveness of these organizations. E-business in companies introduces the most pronounced changes in sales and marketing. More and more companies, both in Slovenia and Montenegro, are aware of the importance of e-commerce in preserving competitiveness in global markets