Biochemical biomarkers of sublethal effects in Rhinella arenarum late gastrula exposed to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos
- Sotomayor, Veronica
- Chiriotto, Tai Sabrina
- Pechen, Ana Maria
- Venturino, Andres
DOIAbstract
We determined the biochemical and molecular effects of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) in the late gastrula embryonic stage of the South American toad Rhinella arenarum continuously exposed from fertilization (24 h). Our objective was to evaluate these responses as potential biomarkers at low, sublethal levels of the toxicant. We first established the EC50 for embryo arrest in 21.3 mg/L, with a LOEC of 16 mg/L. At 4 mg/L CPF, some embryos were unable to complete the dorsal lip of the blastopore and the yolk plug became blur, probably because of abnormal cell migration. Acetylcholinesterase activity, the specific biomarker for organophosphates, was unaffected by any of the tested concentrations of CPF (2–14 mg/L). In turn,...
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