On air entrainment in a water pool by impingement of a jet

Air entrainment due to impingement of a water jet on a pool is studied extensively to understand the physics of the initiation and the cluster of bubbles formed below the free surface. Possible outcomes due to the jet impingement in a pool have been identified as smooth free surface without entrainment or formation of rigorous bubble cluster below the jet-pool contact. Triangular entrained region is found to be a three-dimensional association of disconnected bubble population continuously breaking and making with the neighbors. A correlation for prediction of maximum entrained height for a range of jet diameters and lengths is proposed. The trajectory of a single bubble is also studied to understand the kinematics of the bubble cluster. Alongside, an electrical conductivity probe has been used to examine the probabilistic presence of the bubble at a given depth in the liquid pool