Abfallverbrennung nach dem TAZAS Verfahren: eine Übersicht

A process for thermal waste treatment with the destruction or separation of hazardous components (TAZAS process - Verfahren zur thermischen Abfallbehandlung unter Zerstörung oder Abtrennung der Schadstoffe) is being developed at the Research Centre Jülich. This new process is characterized by the incineration of waste with concentrated oxygen at high temperatures, the production of a mineralized slag and the recycling of filter dust into the incinerator. Almost all the filter dust is fused into the slag thus dispensing with the need for a disposal of the filter dust. The heavy metals are leached from the dust by the off-gas condensate and may thus be recovered by wet chemistry methods. For this process development pilot experiments have been carried out. The waste was incinerated at 1350°C with pure O$_{2}$ in a special swing furnace with a throughput of 10 kg/h. Although the system has not yet been optimized it already provided a high incineration quality (CO or C$_{n}$H$_{m}$ content in the off-gas 30 ppm and 7 ppm respectively, residual carbon in the slag 20 ppm). The leach resistance of the slag is very high, comparable to that of natural basalt. Filter dusts polluted by heavy metals were also incinerated. The matrix elements of the dust were fused into the slag and at the same time the volatile heavy metals were forced into the fine dust. The accumulation of cadmium, for example, an the fine dust increased by a factor of 300 relative to the waste. This greatly improves the recovery of heavy metals by leaching the dust in the acid condensate