Biodiesel fuel from waste cooking oil & RBD palm oil via transesterification reaction with the aid of sodium methoxide, methanol, and ultrasonic reactor

Currently, the world is murmured to environmental issues and energy resources that every day becomes crucial and chronic. Using petroleum diesel as well fuels from natural resources will contribute to air pollution due to high amount of air pollutants emitted such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen. Also the aggressive action to use sources like petrochemical source, coal, natural gas and nuclear power, resulted the depletion drastically in natural energy resources thereby making those energy resources becomes limited day by day thus making the global price increase. This situation makes the world becomes worst and some alternatives method should be implemented to reduce the burden of problems. One possible alternative to fossil fuel is biodiesel. Regarding to that, some methods were proposed in order to make biodiesel fuel such as micro-emulsion, direct use and blending, pyrolysis (thermal cracking) and transesterification with the aid of controllable parameter such as type of catalyst, type of solvent, reactor system, condition of reaction temperature, concentration, molar ratio, mixing intensity and reaction time. From overall methods, the transesterification process was chosen. In this experiment, the biodiesel making was categorized into three stages. At first stages is to investigate the effect of catalyst concentration to product yield and purity. The results showed the optimum value were achieved at concentration of 1 wt% for both the waste cooking oil and RBD palm oil. At second stages is to investigate the effect of reaction time on product yield and purity. The results showed the optimum reaction time were difference for both the raw oils which waste cooking oil and RBD palm oil got the optimum product yield and purity at 40 min and 30 min. With previous optimum result, the gas combustion of biodiesel is then analyzed and showed the decrease amount of CO and CO2 as compare to petroleum diesel with error 51% and 2% for RBD and 50% and 5.3% for WCO