Investigation Of Sodium And Potassium Doped P-Type Zinc Oxide Films

In this thesis, P-type zinc oxide (ZnO) films doped with sodium (NZO) and potassium (KZO) were fabricated on glass substrates using the sol-gel spin-coating technique. The P-type dopants were varied between 0 at.% and 25 at.%. A comprehensive correlation of surface morphology, structural, optical and electrical properties with increasing Na and K doping concentration, respectively, over a wide range of concentration were studied and elucidated by a variety of measurement techniques. In terms of surface morphology of the films, the doping concentration of P-type dopants Na and K affected the surface of the ZnO films where increasing granular size was observed as the doping concentrations were increased from 0 at.% to 25 at.% by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed increasing intensity of the (1 0 0) and (1 0 1) peaks while decreasing (0 0 2) peak intensity with increasing doping concentration. The stress within the films extracted based on XRD data is due to the incorporation of dopants and subsequently defects in the films