中国における二言語教育と生徒の進路意識 : 機会均等の視点から

There are two types of bilingual education in China. When an ethnic language is used as a teaching language, Chinese is taught as a subject. Chinese language is used as a teaching language, then an ethnic language is taught as a subject. Does bilingual education produce inequality of life chance? By focusing on students'career plans, this study tries to clarify the relation between bilingual education and equality of opportunity. Firstly, this research examines fact-finding by using the questionnaire survey data of Tibetan junior high school students. Secondly the structure of selection and distribution system is clarified by the analysis of material data. The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows : The bilingual education where teaching language is an ethnic language has stimulated students'aspiration of educational plan, however, occupational plan is influenced by the types of bilingual education. The selection system of higher education is composed of three types : competitive, semi-competitive, and closed-competitive. Any type of bilingual education secures the route of acquiring educational plan. The distribution system is composed of three types : free choice, up down and local. The students who have received the bilingual education, in which the ethnic language is used as a teaching language, have lower ability of Chinese and stronger ethnic identities. They can enter the ethnic university by the selection of semi-competitive or closed-competitive, but there occupational choices are under control of the government and influenced by their ethnic identities. By contrast, the students who have received the bilingual education, in which Chinese is used as a teaching language have average ability of Chinese but not strong ethnic identities. So they are possible to be admitted to usual universities through the selection of competition, and have the freedom of occupation. They are beyond the limits of ethnic identities to choice occupation. It is said that the bilingual education has restricted students'opportunities to higher schooling and finding job so far, however, this study reveal that students'opportunities of higher education are not restricted, but that opportunities of finding jobs are differentiated