<個人論文>｢地方分権｣状況下における教育行政学の理論枠組み : 品川区の教育改革が提起する課題

Plan 21 , educational reforms in Shinagawa, arose some difficulties for educational studies. First, its school choice policy, which came to be initiated by the educational board, had been proposed by political intention to cope with the declining birthrate and the urban problem. Second, it enables more actors like parents, community residents, school leaders, and local authorities to participate in educational decision-making in different ways. Third, educational board comes to maintain the quality or educational content.// One of the clues to overcome these difficulties is the concept of " good ". Although education tends to be regarded as a public good, it satisfies no conditions of public goods in economic usage. Public economists call such a good as has externality, if not nonrivainess or nonexcludability, " merit good ".// In Shinagawa public educational distribution is said to be well administered by its educational board. It seems to moderate the competition for merits on one hand, and to guarantee them for all children in the word on the other. These are essential functions of the educational administration on the distribution of education.// However, the theoretical framework implies that an educational board is not the only organ to adjust the distribution. It works in collaboration with other organizations, and may change into altemative systems