オラービー運動(1879-1882)の性格について

The‘Urabi Revolution was the starting point of the popular nationalist movement in Egypt. In the period during which the multiple control over Egypt was rapidly taking the imperialistic feature, the movement offered a radical resistance against such a trend and had infiuence of consequence on the changes of its opponents. In the course of development, the‘Urābī movement came to be confronted with the Khedivial regime, European powers and the Porte. The authority of the National Party established by the‘Urābī mevement was defeated by the British military intervention before having time enough to fortify its own foundation. Japan had the contemporary movements with the‘Urabi Revolution, namely, Jiyū-minken-undō (the liberal-constitutionalist movement) and Jōyaku-Kaisei-undō (Anti-unequal treaties' movement), in some phases of which undōs the disturbances of military troops were observed. We have interest in the‘Urābī movement, not only because it was one of the most important events in the growth of the national movement in Egypt, but because the comparison of the Japanese case in the latter half of 19th century with the Egyptian one is essential to examine the structure of the modern capitalistic world. The purpose of the present study is to grasp the character of the‘Urābī movement by analyses in terms of the historical situation and the salient features of leaderships as follows: (A) Object and Method a Outline of the movement (Periodization of the Dual Control and of the‘Urābī movement) b1 Stages in the modern and contemporary history of Egypt (Significance of events in 1882) b2 Comprehension of the international situation (B) Organization of the Movement a Foundation of the National Party and the principles of organization (Its elements, Jamāl al-Din al-Afghānī's method, Transmutation of political leadership) b Fundamentals of the Movement of the National Party (Grouping forms, the policy-making system) c Concentration of the Popular Grievances (Factors and orientations in the Muslim consciousness at the then stage of the Egyptian history) d Significance of the Drives of the Military Group (Role of the soldiers, System of the most orderly and the most effective resistance) (C) Ideological phases of the movement a Independence of Egypt (the construction and the motives of the consciousness as Egyptians) b Constitutionalism (Constitution as a demand of the‘Urābī movement) c Reform of Islam (Movements of‘Ulama’ in the‘Urābī Revolution) d Popularist Attitudes (Position of the leaders represented by Ahmad‘Urābī in the Egyptian society, Fallahin and Mashayikh, Idea of the coming Egyptian State