植民地期インドにおける業界特殊的技術教育機関の形成とその特徴 : タタ鉄鋼所を舞台に

The aim of this paper is to clarify how an educational institution for industry specific technology grew in British India through a case study of first full scale heavy industry in India, the Tata Iron and Steel Company (1907-present).Developing such educational institution and replacing foreign labour by native skilled labour are necessitated to achieve smooth and efficient industrialization for late-starting industrilizer that tries to enjoy ‘advantage of backwardness’ in borrowing foreign technology.This is because the replacement decreases a need to employ expensive foreign skilled labour and, what is more important, provides an opportunity to utilize local knowledge of trained native labour to improve the borrowed technology to fit to the local resource endowment.This paper studies how such institution developed and what kind of feature the developed institution had through a case study of the Tata Iron and Steel Company in India under British Raj.It has been considered so far that industry specific educational institution did not exist in India under British Raj except a few cases of Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute in Bombay (established in 1887) for cotton mill industry.And the cause of the shortage of such institute has been attributed to high mobility of skilled labour in an external labour market in British India.This is because no entrepreneurs tries to establish such educational institution, when turn-over ratio of skilled labour was high and there were few guarantee that the skilled labour remained the workplace of the entrepreneur who provided such technical education after he finished the training.It has been through that this shortage of educational institution for industry specific technology was one of causes of restricted development of industrialization of India under British Raj.TISCO also did not have such educational institution for industry specific technology in the initial stage of operation.However, an outbreak of first strike in a history of the Company in 1920 offered a turning point.The top management of the Company felt strict necessity to establish such educational institution to tackle the essential cause of the strike and, finally, first full scale educational institution for steel industry specific technology in India, the Tata Technical Institute, decided to be established in 1921.The Institution provided over 200 graduates by the middle of the 1930s and the graduates supported development of the Company after that.Why the first strike necessitated the establishment of the educational institution and what kind of features the institution had are examined in detail in the preasent paper