GNSS monitoring geološko zahtevnih območij

Displacement research using the three-dimensional global navigation satellite system (GNSS) as part of geodetic monitoring is becoming the key investigation for establishing a cause-and-effect relationships model between external natural factors, on the one hand, and the criteria that describes the level of functionality and safety of the observed natural or artificial object, on the other, in cases of motion of an object in space and time. The main objective of the deformation analysis is to confirm the stabilities of the reference points of a geodetic network, which are used to determine the movements of the control points that are stabilized on the observed objects. The assumption about the stabilities of certain reference points must be based on reasonable grounds, underpinned by measurements and proven by numerical methods. This is one part of the results of the deformation analysis when determining the extent of the movements and deformations. To do this a transformation is used in which a comparison is made between the coordinates of the points for two separate epochs. On the basis of the estimated transformation parameters, possible movements can be concluded within the reference points, i.e., on whether the datum parameters have changed. After confirming the stability of the geodetic network the coordinate differences of identical points measured within the different time windows can be determined as displacements and/or deformations of an object. In this paper one viaduct was assessed through geology and tectonic activities and also a load test of the viaduct was performed. The viaduct is in a quite active region, but the load test showed that the bridge response to the load is as expected.Spremljanje pomikov s pomočjo tridimenzionalnih globalnih navigacijskih satelitskih metod (GNSS), ki so del geodetskih metod, postajajo ključne preiskave pri ugotavljanju modelov vzrokov in posledic med zunanjimi naravnimi vplivi na eni in kriteriji, ki opisujejo nivo funkcionalnosti in varnosti naravnega ali zgrajenega objekta na drugi strani v primerih pomikov v prostoru in času. Glavni cilj deformacijske analize je potrditi stabilnost referenčnih točk geodetske mreže. Uporablja se za določitev pomikov kontrolnih točk, ki so stabilizirane na opazovanem objektu. Domneva o stabilnosti določenih referenčnih točk mora temeljiti na trdnih dokazih skozi meritve in biti potrjena skozi numerične metode. To je en del deformacijske analizetakrat ko določamo vrednosti pomikov in deformacij. Za to je potrebna transformacija, pri kateri se izvede primerjava med koordinatami istih točk v dveh različnih časovnih epohah. Na osnovi ocenjenih transformacijskih parametrov se lahko sklepa o možnih pomikih znotraj referenčnih točk še posebej ali so se spremenili datumski parametri. Po potrditvi stabilnosti geodetske mreže se lahko določijo koordinatne razlike identičnih točk merjenih v različnih časovnih okvirjih, ki se lahko nato opredelijo kot pomiki in/ali deformacije opazovanega objekta. V članku je podana ocena viadukta glede na geologijo in tektonske aktivnosti pa tudi glede na izveden obremenilni preizkus. Viadukt je lociran na precej aktivnem območju, obremenilni preizkus pa je pokazal, da se objekt na zunanjo obtežbo obnaša v skladu s pričakovanji