Investigating sexual abuse with children\u27s drawings

Dejanskega obsega spolnih zlorab ne poznamo, saj jih veliko ostaja neprijavljenih. Spolna zloraba je za otroka težka izkušnja, ki na njem pušča posledice in vpliva na njegov razvoj. Pridobivanje materialnih in osebnih dokazov pri spolni zlorabi je oteženo, zato je pregon težak. Raziskovalci so v zgodnjih osemdesetih letih objavili poročila o tem, kako risbe spolno zlorabljenih otrok vsebujejo določene značilnosti, ki jih ločijo od risb nezlorabljenih otrok. Študije risb spolno zlorabljenih otrok se osredotočajo predvsem na risbe človeških figur in kinetične risbe. V magistrskem delu so uporabljeni sekundarni viri in analizirane so dosedanje raziskave ter študije na temo otroških risb. Magistrsko delo je sestavljeno iz treh delov: prvi del predstavlja opredelitev pojma spolne zlorabe in preiskovalnega intervjuja, v drugem delu so podrobneje preučeni načini, s katerimi lahko otroška risba pripomore pri prepoznavanju spolne zlorabe, tretji del pa predstavlja razpravo. Glavne ugotovitve dela so, da so otroške risbe lahko v pomoč, če jih razumemo kot znake, da bi se lahko dogajalo nekaj posebnega. Smiselno je raziskati, zakaj je otrok narisal nekaj nenavadnega, tako, da ga preprosto vprašamo. Vendar pa otroške risbe niso zanesljivi indikatorji, niti dokazi, za obstoj spolne zlorabe. Raziskave jasno kažejo, da je risanje vprašljiva tehnika, ki ima nezadostno veljavnost, zato jo lahko odsvetujemo za odkrivanje spolnih zlorab. Za uporabo otroških risb v primerih spolnih zlorabah so potrebne nadaljnje, metodološko ustrezne raziskave.The actual range of sexual abuse is not known, because many remain unreported. Sexual abuse is a difficult experience for the child, which leaves the consequences and influences on his development. Obtaining material and personal evidence in case of sexual abuse is difficult, therefore, the prosecution is also difficult. In the early eighties, clinicians published reports on how the drawings of sexually abused children contain certain characteristics that separate them from the drawings of non-abused children. Studies of the drawings of sexually abused children focus primarily on drawings of human figures and kinetic drawings. In this master\u27s thesis, secondary sources are used and existing research is analysed and studies on the topic of children\u27s drawings. The master\u27s thesis consists of three parts: the first part is the definition of the concept of sexual abuse and the investigation interview, in the second part, the ways in which a child drawing can help identify sexual abuse are examined more closely, while the third part presents a discussion. The main findings of the work are that children\u27s drawings can be helpful, if they are understood as signs that something is happening with the child. It is reasonable to find out why the child draw something unusual by simply asking the child. However, children\u27s drawings are not reliable indicators, nor evidences of the existence of sexual abuse. Research has clearly shown that drawing is very questionable technique with insufficient validity so, for that reason it is not advised in detecting sexual abuse. To use child drawings in cases of sexual abuse, further methodologically appropriate research is needed