FX and Interest Rate Risk Management

Globalizacija je glavni razlog, da je upravljanje s finančnimi tveganji postalo ena najhitreje rastočih dejavnosti v poslovnem svetu v zadnjih desetletjih. Mednarodni tokovi blaga, storitev in kapitala zahtevajo zamenjave različnih valut. To posledično pomeni, da se podjetja morajo soočiti z valutnim tveganjem. Nepričakovane spremembe deviznih tečajev imajo pomemben vpliv na poslovanje izvoznikov in uvoznikov. Uporaba valutnih finančnih instrumentov je postala splošno sprejet način za upravljanje z valutnim tveganjem. Enako lahko rečemo za upravljanje obrestnega tveganja, kjer podjetja pogosto uporabljajo obrestne finančne instrumente. Ugotovili smo, da velika podjetja pogosteje uporabljajo valutne in obrestne finančne instrumente kot srednja in majhna podjetja. Za upravljanje z valutnim tveganjem se najpogosteje uporabljajo nestandardizirani terminski posli o nakupu oziroma prodaji tuje valute. Najpogosteje uporabljen finančni instrument za upravljanje obrestnega tveganja je obrestna zamenjava.Globalization is the main reason that financial risk management has become one of the fastest growing activities in the business world over the last decades. That lead to the situation, where international firms must face to foreign exchange risk. Unexpected changes in foreign exchange rates have significant impact on business of exporters and importers. The use of foreign exchange derivatives has become the common practice in the foreign exchange risk management. The same is considered for interest rate risk management, where the firms widely use interest rate derivatives. We found out that larger companies more often use foreign exchange and interest rate derivatives than medium and smaller firms. Foreign exchange risk is the most commonly managed with FX Outright. The most common instrument for interest rate management is interest rate swap