Capillary Rise in Organic and Inorganic Soils and Porous Media, and Effect of High Concentrate Anionic Surfactant Solution

砂・ガラスビーズの無機物と, 腐葉土・ピート・ポリエチレン粒子の有機物を試料として, 毛管上昇浸潤試験を行い, 各試料の浸潤特性を明らかにした.純水を浸潤させたところ, 毛管上昇高は, 水との親和性を示す接触角の小さい順に対応して, ガラスビーズ>砂>腐葉土>ピート>ポリエチレン粒子の順に高くなった.高濃度アニオン界面活性剤溶液の毛管上昇高は, 腐葉土を除いて, 無機物・有機物とも溶液との接触角に大きな差がないことを反映して, 類似した実験結果となった.これは, 界面活性剤による有機物表面の水との親和性増大に起因する.腐葉土は, 活性剤添加に伴い膨潤率が増大して透水性が大幅に低下し, 浸潤が抑制された.浸潤初期の毛管上昇速度が, 浸潤前線吸引圧と飽和透水係数を用いた定数で評価できることを明らかにした.Infiltration characteristics in inorganic particles of a sand and a glass beads, and organic particles of a leaf mold, a peat and a polyethylene, are clarified by capillary rise experiments. The capillary rise of pure water became higher in the order of glass beads>sand>leaf mold>peat>polyethylene, which corresponded to the smaller order of contact angle between water and the solid particle. That corresponded to hydrophile property. The capillary rise of a high concentrate anionic surfactant solution was similar among those particles, except the leaf mold, because there was not large difference of contact angles. The anionic surfactant changed the surface of the organic particles to be hydrophilic. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the leaf mold decreased significantly when the surfactant solution was percolated. The decrease was due to the swelling of the leaf mold that adsorbed the anionic surfactant. The capillary rise velocity was well evaluated by the coefficient included the hydraulic conductivity and the suction of the wetting front