Comparison of mesoporous SSZ-13 and SAPO-34 zeolite catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins reaction

Several approaches to improve the catalytic performance of SSZ-13 and SAPO-34 for application as acid catalysts in the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) reaction were explored. Silylation of mesoporous SSZ-13 with a Si/Al ratio of 20 zeolite resulted in increased lifetime in the MTO reaction. Lowering the acidity of SSZ-13 by increasing the Si/Al ratio to 50 also increased the lifetime. The generation of additional mesoporosity in SSZ-13 with a Si/Al ratio of 50 by use of the organosilane octadecyl-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-ammonium chloride (TPOAC) only resulted in a minor improvement of the lifetime. Attempts to synthesize mesoporous SSZ-13 at high Si/Al ratios by use of (C22H45N+(CH3)2C4H8N+(CH3)2C4H9)Br2 (C22-4-4Br2) were unsuccessful, and instead ZSM-5 zeolite was obtained. Similarly, SAPO-34 could not be made hierarchical by using C22-4-4Br2 as a mesoporogen. In this case, other AlPO-phases were obtained. Mesoporous SAPO-34 was synthesized by using TPOAC in the synthesis gel. The additional intracrystalline mesoporosity did not lower the deactivation rate of SAPO-34 as was earlier observed for SSZ-13. The total methanol conversion capacity per acid site for microporous and mesoporous SAPO-34 were however comparable. The lower acidity of the acid sites in SAPO-34 led to the complete utilization of the micropore space. This is to be contrasted to SSZ-13 zeolite, for which the increased rate of coke formation results in more extensive coking deactivation and underutilization of the micropore space