Smart policies in socio-technical transitions: a system-dynamics model of technological innovation systems.

This paper aims to answer the question how smart policy interventions for supporting technological innovation systems shape their development in the context of various socio-technical transition pathways. A system dynamics model is developed that integrates the TIS concept of ‘motors of innovation’ with the MLP notion of ‘transition pathways’. The developed socio-technical transitions model demonstrates that a hybrid policy strategy that aims to lure regime-actors into symbiotic relations with the TIS is most likely to result in a self-sustaining niche market. Furthermore, the generic setup of the model can serve as input for future research