PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI BIOREMEDIASI UNTUK PENANGGULANGAN TUMPAHAN MINYAK DI WILAYAH PESISIR

PROGRESS IN OIL SPILL BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES IN COASTAL ZONE. This paper summary various studies related to oil spill bioremediation. It is well known that marine pollution caused by transport accident; leakage of underground and aboveground tanks; pipe leakage and oil waste discharge; oil drilling, production, refineries, and transportation; reservoir leakage; and at port loading and unloading activities; would affect the water environment. If not treated, marine pollution becomes uncontrolled. So, various methods for remediation of oil spill have been developed. Compared to physical and chemical methods, bioremediation have been proved as most effective method to cleanup oil spills without causing new problems. Bioremediation consist of bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Bioaugmentation (by adding microbial product to the polluted environment), in many bench scale and field studies, have been failed to remediate oil spills. Furthermore, it is expensive and needs specific technique. In other hand, biostimulation have been effective to degrade petroleum. Nutrient adding by using organic fertilizers is a promising method to cleanup oil spill that should be developed. Keywords: bioremediation, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, hidrocarbon, nutrient, oil spill