The Optimal Structure of the National Economy as a Guarantee of Sustainable Development of a State

The article considers the theoretical essence of the category “national economy” in a narrow and broad sense and identifies its following features: versatility of the links between its structural elements and their integrity; hierarchy of the structure of the national economy, dynamism, openness. The main trend of development of the national economy, which is manifested in the transformation processes, is determined. The following transformation processes of the national economy are identified: system-forming, system-affirming, system-reproducing. Theories of structural transformation of the national economy are considered. There determined relations that characterize the reproductive structure of the national economy: between the main stages of the movement of the aggregate social product; between the forms of the aggregate social product according to the natural-material composition; between elements and forms of the aggregate social product by a functional role; between the constituent parts of social production; between the replacement of the means of production used and the newly created products. Based on the data of the World Bank on the structure of the gross added value of groups of countries in terms of income and regional characteristics in the context of individual spheres, the practical analysis of the structure of the national economy in different countries is carried out. It is established that for the last five years the trend of development of enterprises in the sphere of services has grown