The origin of <em>Brettanomyces bruxellensis</em> in wines: a review

Aims: This work reviews the latest knowledge concerning the role of Brettanomyces bruxellensis in red wine alteration. Results and conclusion: The origin of this yeast species and its place in the wine microbial consortium are discussed as well as microbial equilibriums with the other species, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria. As a consequence, fermentations are described as key steps in Brettanomyces development management. Furthermore, the influence of ageing through the use of traditional winemaking practices is explained. Significance and impact of study: Finally, this paper emphases the need for a better understanding of chemical and microbial analysis together in order to better control this undesirable yeast and prevent the production of volatile phenols