Risk factors of atopy formation in infants with food allergy manifestations

Objective — to analyze the risk factors of atopy formation in infants during the antenatal period; to determine the relationship of the above said factors with the manifestations of atopy and severity of allergic diseases. Patients and methods. A total of 311 children with manifestations of atopic dermatitis in the first year of life are observed. All children were under observation from birth to 3 years of age. According to the results of the triennial examination was estimated the frequency and severity of allergic diseases: atopic dermatitis (by SCORAD scale) and bronchial asthma (according to the ISCD scale). During the first observation and further annually in all children was determined the level of total IgE in the venous blood serum as a marker of atopy, by the method of solid-phase, chemiluminescent immunosorbent assay with the use of the IMMULITE 200. According to the results of the study on the third year of observing children who had index of more than 60 IU/ml, were referred to the IgE + group (n=162), and the children who had a rate of less than 60 IU/ml, — to the IgE- group (n=149). Comparison groups were formed according to the results of the third year of observation, as it more brightly demonstrates the manifestations of atopy. Analysis of risk factors in the antenatal period was estimated by the use of parental questionnaire. Results. It was found that the burdened heredity plays the highest value on the formation of atopy in children in the antenatal period. We have not confirmed the effect of parents age on the frequency of implementation of atopy in children, the presence of chronic non$allergic diseases, fertilization method, the severity of pregnancy, application of hormonal and antibacterial preparations, smoking and dietary of the mother during the pregnancy. Significant factor that affects the rate of implementation of bronchial asthma is maternal smoking during the pregnancy. A more severe course of atopic dermatitis was marked in children, whose mothers had kept a rigid diet during pregnancy. Conclusions. On the course of the severity of the allergic process (both atopic and non$atopic) affected manageable factors such as nutrition, bad habits, application of preparations etc.). The impact on these factors is a promising way to improve the quality of life of patients with allergic diseases