A Nonlinear Creep Damage Model of Layered Rock under Unloading Condition

Triaxial unloading creep tests of layered rock specimen of Jinping II hydropower station were carried out using the rock creep testing machine; thus the creep deformation curves under different confining pressures were acquired. The test results showed that, in addition to the obvious unloading creep characteristics of rock specimen, the nonlinear accelerating creep deformation emerged under the last stage confining stress condition, and the whole creep curves presented the typical rock creep three stages. On the other hand, the Burgers creep model constitutive equations under the three-dimensional stress state were also deduced. Based on the creep test data, through identifying the creep parameters using the optimized algorithm, the corresponding parameters of triaxial creep constitutive model were obtained. By comparative analysis of creep parameters, it can be concluded that creep parameters nonlinearly degraded with the decrease of confining pressure gradually. Moreover, when the load is below the long-term strength of rock, the creep parameters are only related to the unloading ratio, while in the case that the load is larger than the long-term strength of rock, the unloading creep parameters are related to both unloading ratio and creep time. According to the creep parameters under the first-stage stress level, and through introducing unloading ratio damage factor to describe the degrading rule of creep parameters on other stress levels, the method of uniformity determining the creep parameters was proposed. It was assumed that the damage degree in rock interior was relative to both unloading ratio and creep time; a nonlinear creep damage model of rock under unloading was proposed, which could better reflect the nonlinear characteristics of rock creep. The results showed that rock nonlinear creep damage model achieved perfectly consistent results with the creep test