The Untapped Potential of Nitroproteomics for Medicine

The endogenous low-abundance tyrosine nitration in a proteome has sensitive biological effect and is a stable biomarker of oxidative/nitrosative stress or injuries, which is closely associated with a wide spectrum of diseases. Some nitroproteomics approaches have been established to achieve the identity of nitoproteins and nitrotyrosine sites; however, high-throughput quantitative nitroproteomics is urgently needed to maximize the coverage of tyrosine nitration in a proteome. The hot research topics would be the competition of nitration and phosphorylation at the same tyrosine residue, and tyrosine nitration within important protein domains and motifs, with pathway network analysis, X-ray crystallography analysis, and fixed point mutation methods to reveal scientific merit of protein nitration in clarification of molecular mechanism of a disease and discovery of effective therapeutic targets. The tyrosine nitration pattern of biofluid might benefit the discovery of reliable biomarkers for accurately predictive, diagnosis, and prognosis assessment of a disease